Sam¤dhi: [fr. sa¸+¤+dh¤]

1. concentration; a concentrated, self--collected, intent state of mind and meditation, which, concomitant with right living, is a necessary condition to the attainment of higher wisdom and emancipation. In the Subha--suttanta of the Digha (D I.209 sq.) sam¤dhi--khandha ("section on concentration") is the title otherwise given to the cittasampad¤, which, in the ascending order of merit accruing from the life of a sama¼a (see S¤ma¾¾aphala-suttanta, and cp. Dial. I.57 sq.) stands between the s¨la--sampad¤ and the pa¾¾¤--sampad¤. In the AmbaÂÂha-sutta the corresponding terms are s¨la, cara¼a, vijj¤ (D. I.100). Thus sam¤dhi would comprise
(a) the guarding of the senses (indriyesu gutta-dv¤rat¤),
(b) self--possession (sati-sampaja¾¾a),
(c) contentment (santuÂÂhi),
(d) emancipation from the 5 hindrances (n¨vara¼¤ni), (e) the 4 jh¤nas. In the same way we find sam¤dhi grouped as one of the sampad¤s at A III.12 (s¨la*, sam¤dhi*, pa¾¾¤*, vimutti*), and as sam¤dhi-khandha (with s¨la* & pa¾¾¤*) at D III.229 (+vimutti*); A I.125; II.20; III.15; V.326; Nd1 21; Nd2 p. 277 (s. v. s¨la). It is defined as cittassa ekaggat¤ M I.301; Dhs 15; DhsA 118; cp. Cpd. 89 n. 4; identified with avikkhepa Dhs 57, and with samatha Dhs 54. -- samm¤* is one the constituents of the eightfold ariya--magga, e. g. D III.277; VbhA 120 sq. -- See further D II.123 (ariya); Vin I.97, 104; S I.28; Nd1 365; Miln 337; Vism 84 sq. (with definition), 289 (+vipassan¤), 380 (*vipph¤r¤ iddhi); VbhA 91; DhA I.427; and on term in general Heiler, Buddhistische Versenkung 104 sq.

2. Description & characterization of sam¤dhi: Its four nimittas or signs are the four satipaÂÂh¤nas M I.301; six conditions and six hindrances A III.427; other hindrances M III.158. The second jh¤na is born from sam¤dhi D II.186; it is a condition for attaining kusal¤ dhamm¤ A I.115; Miln 38; conducive to insight A III.19, 24 sq., 200; S IV.80; to seeing heavenly sights etc. D I.173; to removing mountains etc. A III.311; removes the delusions of self A I.132 sq.; leads to Arahantship A II.45; the ¤nantarika s. Sn 226; cetosam¤dhi (rapture of mind) D I.13; A II.54; III.51; S IV.297; citta* id. Nett 16. dhamm¤sam¤dhi almost identical with samatha S IV.350 sq.
-- Two grades of sam¤dhi distinguished, viz. up¤c¤ra-s. (preparatory concentration) and appan¤-s. (attainment concentration) DA I.217; Vism 126; Cpd. 54, 56 sq.; only the latter results in jh¤na; to these a 3rd (preliminary) grade is added as kha¼ika* (momentary) at Vism 144.
-- Three kinds of s. are distinguished, su¾¾ata or empty, appa¼ihita or aimless, and animitta or signless A I.299; S IV.360; cp. IV.296; Vin III.93; Miln 337; cp. 333 sq.; DhsA 179 sq., 222 sq., 290 sq.; see Yogav¤c¤ra's Manual p. xxvii; sam¤dhi (tayo sam¤dh¨) is savitakka savic¤ra, avitakka vic¤ramatta or avitakka avic¤ra D III.219; Kvu 570; cp. 413; Miln 337; DhsA 179 sq.;
--it is fourfold chanda-, viriya-, citta-, and v¨ma¸sa-sam¤dhi D II.213; S V.268.
-- Another fourfold division is that into h¤na-bh¤giya, Âhiti*, visesa*, nibbedha* D III.277 (as "dhamm¤ duppaÂivijjh¤").

--indriya the faculty of concentration A II.149; Dhs 15.

--khandha the section on s. see above 1.

--ja produced by concentration D I.74; III.13; Vism 158.

--parikkh¤ra requisite to the attainment of sam¤dhi: either 4 (the sammappadh¤nas) M I.301; or 7: D II.216; III.252; A IV.40.

--bala the power of concentration A I.94; II.252; D III.213, 253; Dhs 28.

--bh¤van¤ cultivation, attainment of sam¤dhi M I.301; A II.44 sq. (four different kinds mentioned); III.25 sq.; D III.222; Vism 371.

--sa¸vattanika conducive to concentration A II.57; S IV.272 sq.; D III.245; Dhs 1344.

--sambojjhanga the s. constituent of enlightment D III.106, 226, 252; Vism 134=VbhA 283 (with the eleven means of cultivating it).

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